Abstract A randomized controlled trial is commonly designed to assess the treatment effect in survival studies, in which patients are randomly assigned to the standard or the experimental treatment group.Upon disease progression, patients who have been randomized to standard treatment are allowed to switch to the experimental treatment.Treatment sw

Streptococcus pneumoniae is well known for phase variation between opaque (O) and transparent (T) colonies within clonal populations.While the O variant is specialized in invasive infection gtech brush bar (with a thicker capsule and higher resistance to host clearance), the T counterpart possesses a relatively thinner capsule and thereby higher ai

Bone marrow was recently proposed as an alternative and potentially immune-privileged site for pancreatic islet transplantation.The aim of the present study was to assess the survival and rejection mechanisms of free and encapsulated xenogeneic islets transplanted into the medullary cavity of the femur, or under the laguna 3hp dust collector kidney